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Molecular & Genomic Testing
HIV Reservoir & Virology
Immunology
Sample Processing & Biobanking
Therapeutic Modalities
Most advanced therapies set off a cascade of immune events, and any single measurement captures only part of it. A cytokine count shows that cells responded but not which subset responded. A phenotype shows which cells are present but not whether they function. A circulating cytokine level describes the systemic environment but not its cellular source. Immune response profiling, often shortened to immune profiling, combines readouts that each capture a different property of the same response, so the data can be read together rather than as separate reports, which supports a clearer understanding of the response.
Which immune cells are present
Do the cells respond?
What the immune system releases
What is happening underneath
Flow cytometry immune profiling describes the presence of specific immune cells and what state they are in: lineage, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, memory and differentiation status, and activation and exhaustion markers. Panels range from focused designs to deep profiling.
Functional readouts show whether the cells respond. The ELISpot assay is a single-cell readout that counts antigen-specific, cytokine-secreting T cells and reports the result as spot-forming units per million cells. FluoroSpot extends the same principle to several secreted proteins from the same cell. Intracellular cytokine staining identifies which T cell subsets produce which cytokines and whether individual cells are polyfunctional. Proliferation assays show whether antigen-specific cells expand, and a T cell killing assay measures whether effector cells eliminate target cells.
Multiplex cytokine and chemokine panels measure what the immune system releases, including soluble inflammatory mediators and other biomarkers, which connects cellular activity to the systemic response. Luminex panels and single-analyte ELISA cover the soluble biomarkers.
Where the program needs it, dPCR, qPCR or NGS from the same sample can relate immune function to vector genome persistence, transgene expression or viral load.
We design immune profiling to detect what a single assay can overlook. In this service, low-level immune responses often means rare antigen-specific T cells, hidden viral signals means vector or viral genomes measured alongside the immune response, and critical biomarkers means the cytokines and cell states that connect the two. Testing runs in a CAP-accredited, CLIA-certified laboratory, and the assays that support clinical trials are analytically qualified, with qualification documentation available to support regulatory filings.
The immune profiling service supports programs across cell therapy (CAR-T, TCR-T and NK), gene therapy (AAV and lentiviral), RNA therapeutics, vaccines and immunotherapy, with custom assay design for CRISPR-based and other first-in-class approaches. For mouse and non-human primate studies, we partner with the vivarium of your choice, then carry the same immune profiling methods into analytically qualified testing for clinical trials in the same laboratory.
Immune profiling by ELISpot, ICS and flow cytometry pairs with the other immunology readouts and with dPCR, qPCR or NGS from the same sample, which saves both time and sample. Accelevir is a 100% scientist-run laboratory, with one team from protocol design to final report, so the profiling strategy can adjust when new data raise new questions.
Most immune profiling programs use more than one readout. Cytokine secretion and proliferative capacity are related but not interchangeable, and a response can appear strong on one and weak on the other. Reading the readouts together explains shifts that any one of them would miss.
| If the question is… | The readout | ||
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How many antigen-specific cells respond?
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ELISpot — well suited to responders that may be rare |
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Which subsets respond, and are they polyfunctional?
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ICS with phenotyping
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Can the cells expand? |
Proliferation |
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Can effector cells eliminate targets? |
Killing assay
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What is the immune system releasing?
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Cytokine and chemokine panels
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What is happening to the vector, transgene or virus? |
Molecular endpoints |
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A scientist-to-scientist conversation about your program’s goals, modality, the critical question for your next milestone, and your samples, species and study stage.
An itemized scope and timeline aligned to your study design, including sample volume, qualification and reporting needs.
A streamlined statement of work, ready for quick signature.
Data analysis and reporting built for your next milestone, with data from the first sample to the final follow-up visit.
Immune response profiling combines several immune readouts on the same study to describe a response from more than one angle: which cells are present, whether they respond, what they produce and what the systemic environment looks like. It is designed to show what any single assay would miss.
Each assay captures a different property of the response. ELISpot counts antigen-specific cytokine-secreting cells, ICS identifies which subsets produce which cytokines, and multiplex panels describe circulating mediators. Together they explain shifts that any one measurement misses.
ELISpot reports how many cells secrete a cytokine, as spot-forming units per million cells. FluoroSpot detects several secreted proteins from the same cell. ICS uses flow cytometry to show which subsets make which cytokines and whether individual cells are polyfunctional.
The assays that support clinical trials are analytically qualified under our quality management system, with qualification documentation available to support regulatory filings. Preclinical and discovery-stage work can be run as research-use-only when the sponsor does not require a quality framework.
PBMCs isolated from whole blood or leukopaks, fresh or cryopreserved, are the most common starting material, and other specimen types are reviewed during scoping. For mouse and non-human primate studies, we partner with the vivarium of your choice, and species and sample requirements for each assay are confirmed during scoping.
Yes. Immune readouts can be paired with dPCR, qPCR or NGS from the same sample, which saves sample and keeps the molecular and immune measurements tied to the same biological state.
Scoping starts with a scientist-to-scientist conversation about your modality, the critical question for your next milestone, and your samples, species and study stage. A tailored proposal follows, then a statement of work for e-signature, then decision-ready data.
Bring your modality, the critical question for your next milestone, your sample types and species, your timeline, and the decision the data must support. Our scientists will scope the immune profiling combination of phenotype, function, secreted response and molecular readouts that answers it.
